Childhood Allergies: How to Recognize, Treat, and Prevent Them in Time
Contents:
- What is an allergy and what causes it in children?
- Common allergens and causes of allergies
- How to identify an allergy in a child?
- Diagnosis: what tests are needed?
- Treatment and prevention of allergies in children
- Possible complications and can allergies be cured forever?
1. What Is an Allergy and What Causes It in Children?
An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to substances that are usually harmless to the body. Pollen, pet dander, certain foods, or chemical compounds may be perceived as threats, triggering inflammation. Such reactions in children are becoming increasingly common. The causes are a combination of genetic factors, environment, and lifestyle. Allergists at TOP Clinic DENIS provide assistance with various forms of allergies.
2. Common Allergens and Causes of Allergies
Among the main factors that may contribute to the development of allergies in childhood are:
- Sterile environment – limited contact with microorganisms can weaken immune responses.
- Microbiome imbalance – poor nutrition or overuse of antibiotics may disrupt immune function.
- Environmental pollution – toxins, dust, and chemicals place additional strain on the body.
- Heredity – the risk of developing allergies is higher if the parents have allergic conditions.
Main allergens include:
- Food (milk, eggs, nuts, wheat, soy)
- Animal fur and saliva
- Plant pollen
- Household dust, mold
- Insect bites
- Medications
3. How to Identify an Allergy in a Child?
Allergies are often confused with colds, but there are key signs to watch for:
- Watery eyes, eye itching
- Frequent sneezing, runny nose
- Skin rashes and itching
- No fever present
- Symptoms appear after contact with an allergen and repeat regularly
Unlike a cold, which is usually accompanied by fever, fatigue, and sore throat, an allergy occurs at specific times after exposure to the allergen.
4. Diagnosis: What Tests Are Needed?
To confirm a diagnosis, the following may be performed:
- Medical history and examination – assessment of symptoms, diet, family history, and living conditions.
- Allergy skin tests (prick tests) – potential allergens are applied to the skin and observed for reactions.
- Blood test for IgE antibodies – suitable for young children or during allergy flare-ups.
Only an allergist should perform diagnostics. Self-treatment can be ineffective or even dangerous.
5. Treatment and Prevention of Allergies in Children
Treatment is individualized and may include:
- Avoiding contact with allergens
- Antihistamine medications
- Nasal sprays or inhalers (in cases of rhinitis or asthma)
- Skin moisturizers for dermatitis
- Immunotherapy (AIT) that addresses the root cause of the allergy
Prevention measures:
- Breastfeeding
- Introducing solid foods with consideration of potential allergens
- Fresh air, moderate hygiene, and avoiding smoking near the child
- Minimizing use of household chemicals
- Regular room ventilation
6. Possible Complications and Can Allergies Be Cured Forever?
Some food allergies, such as those to milk or eggs, may disappear with age, but most inhalation allergies tend to persist throughout life. Without proper treatment, allergies can lead to serious complications, including:
- Bronchial asthma
- Anaphylaxis
- Sleep disturbances, learning difficulties, and reduced quality of life
That’s why it’s important to seek medical advice in time and undergo treatment at DENIS Clinic to manage allergies effectively.